Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine
Volume 19, Issue 6 , Pages 147-151, June 2009

The postmenopausal bladder

Shaaheen Khazali MD MRCOG is a Specialist Registrar in Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the Royal Hampshire County Hospital, Winchester, UK

Tim Hillard DM FRCOG is a Consultant in Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Poole Hospital, Poole, UK

Abstract 

Relative oestrogen deficiency of the menopause seems to be an important contributing factor to urinary dysfunction in women. Recurrent urinary tract infections, genitourinary atrophy, urinary urgency and urinary incontinence have substantial effects on the quality of life in postmenopausal women. This article provides an overview on the aetiology and diagnosis of postmenopausal urinary dysfunction and reviews the evidence for the role of hormone therapy in its treatment.

Keywords: menopause, oestrogen, postmenopause, urinary dysfunction, urinary incontinence

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PII: S1751-7214(09)00059-1

doi:10.1016/j.ogrm.2009.03.010

Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine
Volume 19, Issue 6 , Pages 147-151, June 2009

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