Respiratory disease in pregnancy

Abstract 

Breathlessness in the absence of an underlying pathology is common in pregnancy, but serious causes should be excluded depending on symptoms. The use of chest X-rays should not be avoided in pregnancy.

Asthma affects about 7% of women of child-bearing age. Treatment is the same as for the non-pregnant population and most drugs are safe in pregnancy. It is important to educate women to continue inhaled corticosteroid preventer therapy to reduce the risk of attacks. Respiratory infections are associated with a higher morbidity in pregnancy and should be treated aggressively.

Women with a chronic respiratory disease should receive pre-pregnancy counselling and education, and during pregnancy managed in a multidisciplinary setting with the respiratory team. Most chronic pulmonary diseases do not alter fertility, and in the majority of cases large reserves in respiratory function allow a good pregnancy outcome for fetus and mother. In contrast, the presence of pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale is associated with a high risk of death in pregnancy.

Keywords: asthma, pneumonia, pregnancy, respiratory disease, tuberculosis