Abstract
Unexpected vaginal bleeding, whilst responsible for much anxiety amongst women, is
rarely associated with any serious underlying pathology. Nevertheless, bleeding which
occurs spontaneously in between menses or after intercourse is recognised as a ‘red
flag’ symptom for gynaecological cancer. Infection, hormonal fluctuations, benign
cervical and endometrial conditions are, however, more common causes of abnormal bleeding.
The role of the generalist clinician is to diagnose and treat uncomplicated conditions,
whilst also determining the likelihood of malignancy and referring for further investigations
appropriately.
Keywords
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Further reading
- British Association for Sexual Health and HIV Clinical Effectiveness Group guidelines. 2006–2014
- Management of Unscheduled Bleeding in Women Using Hormonal Contraception. 2009 (Faculty of Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare)
- NHSCSP No 20: Colposcopy and Programme Management: Guidelines for the NHS Cervical Screening Programme. 2010
Referral Guidelines for Suspected Cancer. NICE Clinical Guideline 27 (Updated 2011) http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg27.
Article info
Publication history
Published online: February 16, 2015
Identification
Copyright
© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
